ELISA is a medical test used in the enclosure of laboratories to figure out if a person has any certain disease or condition. It is an abbreviation from Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, where it tests the presence of certain protein molecules in a sample. Its main purpose is for testing the immunity of a patient.
An example for this would be for HIV testing. It looks for the certain antibodies which is related to the HIV virus within the blood. In regards to the thyroid glands, what is used are Thyroid ELISA kits, which are very common. Other testing kits are available as well for other parts of the body.
In science and in certain industries, this test is used as one of the many tools of plant pathology and also with quality control check. Other examples this test is used for in diagnostic clinics are for food allergy and illegal drugs. The reading for this is determined by the vibrancy and intensity of the color changes in swabs whenever a sample is tested.
There are a few other ELISA tests that are available and existent, but the two common types are the indirect and capture. The indirect detects a certain protein or antibody, and an example for this is the HIV testing. The capture, also known as the sandwich, detects another protein which is the antigen, then captures it between two antibodies. An example is pregnancy tests where the detection of hCG or human chorionic gonadotropin is seen.
Blood is the usual collection, as well as urine samples. These samples are then placed in a test tube or test slide, and then sent to the laboratory for the testing and analysis. At the laboratory, it will be tested if the targeted antigen or antibody is present within the blood or urine.
As for human blood, it is made up of plasma, red cells, and white blood cells. What is needed for the tests are blood serum. It is plasma that is stripped off with the clotting behaviour through centrifuge which spins the samples in high speed to separate the blood in different parts. The cells would be on the bottom while the serum stays on top.
Horseradish Peroxidase is an enzyme mostly used for detection where it separates Ortho Phenylenediamine Dihydrochloride and Tetramethylbenzidine. It results into a yellow color and for measuring the optical density, a plate reader would then be used. Light absorbance from OPD is 490 nanometers in wavelength, while TMB is at 450 nanometers.
In cases where the patient has revealed to have a disease or other conditions, the sample will have antibodies for that specific disease. The antibodies will then attach to these antigens that are the bonding agents in these ELISA tests. The samples would then be cleaned or washed away with a different solution so that the remaining in the sample would be the antigens or the antibodies that are clinging to the antigens.
To get results through color changes, enzyme solutions would be added to the samples to get either a positive or a negative result. But there is a certain possibility for the test results to give a false positive. A false positive is when a sample has no infection or whatever but still gives a positive result. Even so, ELISA tests are reliable and considered to be a standard in the immunology community.
An example for this would be for HIV testing. It looks for the certain antibodies which is related to the HIV virus within the blood. In regards to the thyroid glands, what is used are Thyroid ELISA kits, which are very common. Other testing kits are available as well for other parts of the body.
In science and in certain industries, this test is used as one of the many tools of plant pathology and also with quality control check. Other examples this test is used for in diagnostic clinics are for food allergy and illegal drugs. The reading for this is determined by the vibrancy and intensity of the color changes in swabs whenever a sample is tested.
There are a few other ELISA tests that are available and existent, but the two common types are the indirect and capture. The indirect detects a certain protein or antibody, and an example for this is the HIV testing. The capture, also known as the sandwich, detects another protein which is the antigen, then captures it between two antibodies. An example is pregnancy tests where the detection of hCG or human chorionic gonadotropin is seen.
Blood is the usual collection, as well as urine samples. These samples are then placed in a test tube or test slide, and then sent to the laboratory for the testing and analysis. At the laboratory, it will be tested if the targeted antigen or antibody is present within the blood or urine.
As for human blood, it is made up of plasma, red cells, and white blood cells. What is needed for the tests are blood serum. It is plasma that is stripped off with the clotting behaviour through centrifuge which spins the samples in high speed to separate the blood in different parts. The cells would be on the bottom while the serum stays on top.
Horseradish Peroxidase is an enzyme mostly used for detection where it separates Ortho Phenylenediamine Dihydrochloride and Tetramethylbenzidine. It results into a yellow color and for measuring the optical density, a plate reader would then be used. Light absorbance from OPD is 490 nanometers in wavelength, while TMB is at 450 nanometers.
In cases where the patient has revealed to have a disease or other conditions, the sample will have antibodies for that specific disease. The antibodies will then attach to these antigens that are the bonding agents in these ELISA tests. The samples would then be cleaned or washed away with a different solution so that the remaining in the sample would be the antigens or the antibodies that are clinging to the antigens.
To get results through color changes, enzyme solutions would be added to the samples to get either a positive or a negative result. But there is a certain possibility for the test results to give a false positive. A false positive is when a sample has no infection or whatever but still gives a positive result. Even so, ELISA tests are reliable and considered to be a standard in the immunology community.
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